Summarize

Habot Lubricants is one of very few brands to sell full synthetic API Grade IV base oils. In a time when additives give the necessary wear protection and where engine parts are so well made, thicker oils are no longer really necessary. That said, it is always handy to understand engine and API base oils, the benefit of synthetics, and viscosity grades.

Engine oil plays a critical role in maintaining performance, reducing wear, and extending engine life. Engine oil formulation involves the careful selection of base oils and additives, and understanding the different types of base oils, the advantages of synthetic oils. The difference between multigrade and monograde oils is also key to informed maintenance decisions, and which formulation is best for what engine.

Engine oil viscosity, or its resistance to flow, alters with temperature. Which is why oils are SAE, or Society of Automotive Engineers classified. Monograde oils with single viscosity ratings like SAE 30 or SAE 10W, were common for specific warmer or constant load conditions in older engines and industrial machinery. Monograde oils do not adapt well to varying temperatures. They may even require seasonal grade changes.

Formulated with viscosity modifiers, multigrade oils perform better at any temperature. SAE 10W-40 behaves like an SAE 10W oil for easy cold starting and flow. But it also operates like an SAE 40 with greater high temperature film strength and protection. The contemporary vehicle oil standard, versatile and consistent multigrades reduce the need for seasonal grade changes. The final two digits in a multigrade code denote fuel consumption. Ever-decreasing modern grades reduce friction and emissions.

The American Petroleum Institute, or API, further classifies base oils into five foundation categories depending on their refining process, viscosity, saturate and sulphur content. Least refined Group I solvent-refined mineral oils have less than 90% saturates and 0.03% or more sulphur. Generally used in older or low-demand applications, they have limited oxidation stability and a low viscosity index.

Suitable for modern engines, more refined Group II base oils contain similar levels of saturates and sulphur to Grade I, but bring better thermal stability, oxidation resistance and performance. Group III base oils are highly refined mineral oils with good performance characteristics. Hydrocracked to deliver high viscosity and low volatility, Group III oils deliver excellent performance in demanding conditions.

True synthetic Group IV base oils are made from polyalphaolefins, or PAOs to offer outstanding performance with superior stability, low volatility, and excellent low-temperature fluidity at most temperatures. Premium API Group V base oils include esters and naphthenics to enhance seal compatibility, additive solubility and offer best lubrication in even the most extreme conditions.

Group IV and V synthetic engine oils offer several advantages over conventional lubricants including enhanced engine longevity and performance. Synthetic oils maintain stable viscosity at high temperatures and prevent breakdown under heavy loads. They stay fluid in the extreme cold to ensure easier start-up and immediate lubrication.

Synthetic lubricants furthermore resist sludge and varnish formation to keep engine components cleaner for longer, reduce the risk of blockages and promote efficiency. Synthetics also degrade far slower at high temperatures to improve reliability in high-performance or extended-use engines, while at the same time extending oil change intervals.

Less volatile synthetic oils offer consistent lubrication over time and cut oil loss by evaporation for fewer top-ups. Their lower internal friction and improved flow characteristics also contribute to improved fuel efficiency, particularly in modern engines designed with tighter tolerances.

Understanding the fundamentals of engine lubrication from base oil classification to the benefits of synthetics and the relevance of viscosity grades is crucial for optimal engine performance and longevity. 

Habot Performance Lubricants offers a comprehensive range of conventional mineral, semi and full synthetic oils to cater for every application. Whether its maintaining high-performance and racing engines or managing a fleet or selecting the ideal lubrication solution, Habot Performance Lubricants has the answer, no matter the engine application.

Make your next informed choice with exceptional quality Habot Performance Automotive and Industrial Lubricants. Learn more at  www.habot.co.za now.